Nutritional modulation of the intestinal microbiota; future opportunities for the prevention and treatment of neuroimmune and neuroinflammatory disease
Authors: Vincent C Lombardi, Kenny L De Meirleir, Krishnamurthy Subramanian, Sam M Nourani, Ruben K Dagda, Shannon L Delaney, András Palotás
PMID: 29886183 PMCID: PMC6195483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.04.004
J Nutr Biochem . 2018 Nov;61:1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.04.004. Epub 2018 Apr 19.
Free PMC article
Abstract
The gut-brain axis refers to the bidirectional communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system. Mounting evidence supports the premise that the intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in its function and has led to the more common and perhaps more accurate term gut-microbiota-brain axis. Numerous studies have identified associations between an altered microbiome and neuroimmune and neuroinflammatory diseases. In most cases, it is unknown if these associations are cause or effect; notwithstanding, maintaining or restoring homeostasis of the microbiota may represent future opportunities when treating or preventing these diseases. In recent years, several studies have identified the diet as a primary contributing factor in shaping the composition of the gut microbiota and, in turn, the mucosal and systemic immune systems. In this review, we will discuss the potential opportunities and challenges with respect to modifying and shaping the microbiota through diet and nutrition in order to treat or prevent neuroimmune and neuroinflammatory disease.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Autism; Gut–microbiota–brain axis; Microbiome; Multiple sclerosis; Myalgic encephalomyelitis; Neurocognitive; Neurotrophic; Oxidative stress; Parkinson's disease; Polyphenols; SCFA; Schizophrenia; Vitamin.
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